The Fundamental Reality essays

The Fundamental Reality expositions The truth is simply a figment, though a persevering one. All through time, man has underestimated, that his world and things that have showed up evident, are genuine. At a certain point man has dared to challenge those things asking, what is reality? What is genuine? What is truth or something that is valid? We would first be able to attempt to characterize reality by the accompanying: Re-al-ity n 1:The quality or actuality of being genuine. We at that point ask ourselves, what is a reality? Truth n 1: A thing that has really occurred or is truly obvious. Well then what is truth? Truth n 1: A set up reality. Apparently we are repudiated with an endless pattern of definitions, making it hard to acquire a real definition. Accordingly, I will endeavor to characterize the principal reality by condemning a few belief systems and supporting others. These belief systems incorporate a portion of the two generally questioned and maintained speculations of; Platos hypothesis of flawless structures and Aristotles hypothesis of substance. At the base of the gigantic philosophical commitment that Plato made to Western idea, was his hypothesis about the Immaculate Forms. In Plato's mind, the truth that we see legitimately around us is just a shadowy impression of a higher reality; one discovered well past our everyday world. This differentiation between natural reality and extreme or perfect the truth was a significant issue to Plato and to each one of the individuals who have been impacted by his idea from that point forward. Our general surroundings that our faculties see straightforwardly is an ever-evolving, traveling every which way exhibit of specific things: The tree in our front yard, our neighbor nearby, the vehicles passing by, the beds and seats in this house, the dinner we are going to plunk down to, the yellow-orange nightfall tonight, the tune that we heard on the radio at the beginning of today, and so on. Being therefore ever-evolving or temporary, these points of interest are not genuinely genuine. At that point what is genuine he thought? Nothing on earth.â B... <!

Liberal Education as a Livingstone

During when joblessness is at its least since World War II, one would feel that getting a new line of work would be simple. In any case, as of right now, candidates for employments are more qualified than any other time in recent memory. The opposition for generously compensated employments is firm, and so as to excel individuals need ability in one certain zone, however a general knowledge of numerous subjects too. Liberal instruction gives the general information that gives work candidates an additional edge while going after a position. With a base of information in the aesthetic sciences and a specialization in a specific territory, individuals end up being helpful to bosses. All through this paper, I will utilize the term â€Å"liberal education† not just in portraying subjects like English, history, reasoning and so forth , however as Livingstone depicts liberal instruction: a training which â€Å"aims at creating as great and complete an individual as might be. † In utilizing the term â€Å"liberal education† I expect that all alumni of an aesthetic sciences school have a mastery in talk, as the specialty of talking and composing great is a key concentration in the educational program. I will likewise utilize the â€Å"specialized education† concerning Livingstone†s definition: a training â€Å"which targets acquiring a living or making money†. Students seeking after a liberal undergrad training have a favorable position over individuals with a specific undergrad instruction since liberal instruction gives a more prominent flexibility as far as a more extensive base of information so getting a new line of work and exceeding expectations in various regions is simpler. Preparing in craft of talk, which today is characterized as the specialty of talking and composing successfully, is an important resource for work trackers. Particular undergrad educational programs center less around talk than human sciences educational programs. An individual with preparing in talk would be employed over another candidate because of their aptitude in conveying thoughts viably through discourse and composing. Organizations intend to utilize astute individuals who can communicate admirably and smoothly on the grounds that in about each calling, composing great and convincing others to one†s conclusion is basic: researchers need to apply for awards so as to subsidize their examination and analyses; representatives must present recommendations and obviously, journalists and creators who have not aced the expertise of talk are less inclined to get a new line of work and be fruitful as far as status and compensation. Capacity to communicate plainly and viably assigns to what level one may bring up in the professional bureaucracy, for individuals with refined composing aptitudes advantage organizations to an enormous degree, while individuals with less ability recorded as a hard copy have less impact, and consequently less force. Individuals with liberal training are talented in various territories and in this manner can be of more advantage to businesses. Instead of a particular report in one zone, a liberal instruction furnishes understudies with a wide scope of information that draws in businesses. As Virtruvius says, liberal instruction shows the understudy the association between various controls. Knowing and understanding the connection between subjects, a worker can play out a more noteworthy number of errands and learn new ones all the more quickly subsequently being progressively important to an organization. Should a man lose his employment because of it turning out to be terminated or different reasons, a liberal training would give a superior pad to depend on as a result of the decent variety of subjects examined. For instance, if a court transcriber loses his employment because of another sound innovation that records and word-forms court procedures, he would not need to, one might say, begin once again for absence of information in different regions. Using his insight in talk, theory, history, and different humanities, he could secure another position without returning to class. Then again, the restriction would report that a liberal instruction would not profit numerous individuals in light of the fact that an educational plan dependent on the humanities repulses numerous understudies. As opposed to take courses that lack of engagement them, understudies ought to have some expertise in subjects they appreciate. One ought not squander cash on instruction that doesn't concentrate on one†s premiums; a training that doesn't animate the understudy is bombed instruction. So as to make the most out of undergrad years, the understudies should contemplate what intrigues them. In reply, a liberal instruction sometimes falls short for each character or inclination. Nonetheless, in the activity showcase, having a liberal undergrad instruction and a particular alumni training gives individuals a favorable position, for in addition to the fact that they are prepared uniquely in their particular territory, yet they likewise have a general information on the aesthetic sciences. Understudies keen on territories, for example, innovation and sciences should take classes that intrigue them. Be that as it may, notwithstanding the sciences courses, talk classes would demonstrate advantageous even in a logical line of study. Each occupation involves writing somehow or another, and honing one†s composing abilities possibly receives more rewards while scanning for a vocation. Numerous individuals intrigued by technical disciplines and advances practice during their undergrad years, and in this manner pass up preparing in talk. Experts who take classes to improve composing are more ready and almost certain for get a new line of work. Another contention of the restriction: individuals who begin practicing during undergrad years are more ready for graduate school. They ace and exceed expectations in a single explicit territory of study. While, it would take somebody with a general undergrad instruction a more drawn out time to ace a particular region of study due to the consideration spent on wide training during undergrad years. Rather than burning through a large number of dollars on general training, understudies could utilize the four years to represent considerable authority in the field that they appreciate. Liberal training may demonstrate helpful for understudies who are uncertain about their major, however engaged understudies ought not burn through their time on general instruction. Understudies who comprehend what they need to concentrate on ought to practice their training so as to speed up their school time and either start an experts degree or start their vocations. It might take more time for a for the most part prepared undergrad to spend significant time in a specific zone, however of course, on the off chance that they are prepared in understanding the association between various territories of study, they might have the option to get various subjects all the more rapidly. There are extremely two issues here to disprove. To begin with, when considering, for what reason is everything such a surge? Individuals are in a rush to enter the activity power instead of to take as much time as is needed during their tutoring. I guess the response to the inquiry is cash. While individuals are in school they pay a great many dollars and get next to no back in examination. When they begin working they can start the compensation time frame. Tragically, the individuals who enter the workforce initially win as in they can begin taking care of their obligation, while the individuals still in school continue gathering obligation. Second, regardless of whether individuals with an aesthetic sciences instruction enter the workforce simultaneously, they are not off guard as far as information capacity as the past contention closes. Truth be told, human sciences students might be at a slight preferred position as far as valuable information. For instance, two candidates for work have both had a similar alumni instruction however one (individual 1) had been prepared in the aesthetic sciences during undergrad years, and the other (individual 2) had concentrated prior. Expecting the two applicants preformed similarly in gradate school, which may not be a reasonable presumption because of individual 2†³s past information and past investigation, be that as it may, for argument†s purpose, accept both were fruitful in graduate school. A business would pick individual 1 due to the aesthetic sciences foundation on the specific alumni tutoring. A business would realize that individuals with an aesthetic sciences foundation are not just savvy in their particular line of study, yet additionally comprehend the association among disciplines, and would pick the individual with the wide base of instruction. In examining human sciences preparing, one accept that each understudy who graduates has an all around created information on all the subjects liberal instruction offers. Be that as it may, it isn't reasonable for accept that each understudy going to an aesthetic sciences undergrad school investigates each subject widely and exceeds expectations in each class. Numerous understudies exploit the time they spend in undergrad school by celebrating on weeknights and coming to class so worn out that they can't focus on the exercise, or surprisingly more terrible, they play hooky all together. This indiscreet conduct towards tutoring harms the students† comprehension of the material, yet their evaluations too. It is time that all upperclassmen graduate with distinction as opposed to simply slide by. The impact on the network and world would be bewildering. A huge number of extraordinary personalities move on from school each year and become examples of overcoming adversity like Bill Gates. Envision each understudy mentally comparable to the most intelligent alumni. Our reality would be a better place. That is the spot to which we ought to endeavor, and we have connected objective when everybody accomplishes singular greatness.

What Is Blogging Types Of Blogs [DETAILS]

What Is Blogging Types Of Blogs [DETAILS] Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!What Is Blogging Types Of Blogs [DETAILS]Updated On 13/12/2018Author : MarthaTopic : BloggingShort URL : http://hbb.me/2ozc8gd CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogIf you are a Power internet user, than you might have heard about blogging. Probably you may not know what is blogging? How it works? Here, I will explain about whole thing about blogging.What is blogging?People with medium-scale or large-scale business depend highly on Blogging for promoting their business online. The digital marketing agencies use this technique to generate traffic on their websites thereby, increasing the productivity of their business.Communication has changed these days, we can exchange our ideas by social networking sites, we can talk to or chat to our friends any time, and have fun.Blogging is term taken from ‘weblog’. Blogging is a part of sharing your knowledge in which you not onl y share your perception,   but readers can also comment and participate in the discussions made on the blog. Blogs provide information on   a particular issue, event.  The act of creating and writing on a blog is called blogging and the writer and creator who does all the tasks is known to be as Blogger.The all collective community of blogs is called blogsphere.  The best part to be a blogger is that you can work from anywhere, you just need a laptop/Phone and all your work will be done. There are various types of blogs and they focus on different-different niches. For Example, Different types of Blogs Blogging #1 Corporate BlogA blog can be of  any type if it is a corporate blog, then it contains information about the organization, it’s culture or it’s strategies, purposes that is called corporate or official blog.READHOW TO: Drive 1000's Of Visitors To Your Blog/Site#2 Niche BlogFix type of stuff blog which provide information on a particular topic is called a particular/N iche blog , like their niche is fix it may be education, phones, Music, fashion, arts, web designs, sports and thoughts.#3 Personal Blog These are most common type of blogs. Blogging is not just way of communicating and sharing, it is more than that. Personal Blogs are commonly written in the personal language and with emotional touch for friends and colleagues.#4 Forum   Blogging It is a place to discuss general blogging issues of   where blogger can share   their thoughts about blogging. Here you can ask question, give answers, express things, share how we can improve in blogging.#5 Review BlogIt is a blog where a blogger share reviews about like Mobiles, iphones   and other products. Readers can also give comments on the product reviews Discuss more about it. ??Tips for becoming a Successful BloggerYou must keep on posting continuously.Don’t move away from your niche,   stick on specific topics you usually talk upon.Don’t blog only for money, but for passion.Let the peopl e share their views alsoRespond to CommentatorsRespect your readers.Use tags, which will help you in come up in searches.So what type of blogging you are thinking to join?   Do share your opinion with us.This guest article is written by Martha. She works for GO-Globe.com, a web design Muscat Company. If you wish to write for us, kindly check this.

Uncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe - 1760 Words

Harriet Beecher Stowe was born in June 14, 1811 in Lichfield, CT and was the sixth of her family’s eleven children. Beecher’s parents taught their children that their primary life goal was to make their mark. All seven sons became ministers, Isabella (the youngest) founded the National Women’s Suffrage Association, and Harriet revealed the horrifying truths and dissolved the social injustice of slavery. During her 85 years Beecher published thirty novels, but her bestselling book Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Harriet Beecher Stowe s Life) is what penned her name into the pages of history. Uncle Tom’s Cabin was published in 1852 and is essential to the huge amount of tension prior to the war. This book depicts the typical â€Å"African American†¦show more content†¦Frederick Douglass through his gift of speaking, Harriet Beecher Stowe and Harriet Jacobs advanced the humanization of slaves through their down-to-earth writings. Through their writings and outreach, these authors had gained the attention of Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States. According to The Black History Bulletin, these two met three times while Lincoln was in office. The first meeting took place 8 months prior to the Emancipation Proclamation and they discussed methods to end slavery and allow black men to serve in the Union ranks. Their second meeting occurred on August 25, 1864 to discuss covert efforts to free slaves if Lincoln failed to be reelected. The third and final meeting occurred as friends 6 weeks prior to Lincoln’s assassination (Black History B ulletin). Despite the friendship Douglass and Lincoln would eventually share, they began as remote acquaintances. Lincoln campaigned with great fervor and Douglass critiqued Lincoln’s political stances at every opportunity before the Emancipation Declaration. The President’s inability to vindicate a side in the desegregation battle caused Douglass to become irate. In 1861 Lincoln said: I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so (Black History Bulletin). Lincoln previously voiced to Douglass that he required a Union victory

A Brief Note On Drugs And The Correctional Institution Of...

ANALYSIS FACTOR TO DRUGS ABUSE IN THE CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION OF SPECIAL NARCOTICSGRADE IIA PAMEKASAN INDONESIA Endang Yuswatiningsih ¹ Hariyono ²  ¹ Community Nursing Department School Of Health Science InsanCendekiaMedikaJombang  ²Medical Surgical Nursing Department School Of Health Science InsanCendekiaMedikaJombang ABSTRACT Drugs abuse excessively without medical indicationwill cause various physical disorders. The factors that cause drug abuseare trial factor, invitation of friends, conflict with parents or broken home, escape from problems or stress load, want to look stylish or confidence, lack of information about the dangers of drugs. The purposes of this research to analysis factors on abuse drugs. The kind of this research was cross sectional analytic. The population in this research were all prisoners abuse drugs aged 20-29 years olds in the correctional institution of special narkotics grade IIA Pamekasan with total samples were 133 respondentsby using method of simple random Sampling. The Instrumentsused was enclosed questionnaire. To determine the most influential factors, therefore the statistical test used was chi squareusing the error rate 0,05. The results of this study, the family factor was less number of 99 respondents (74,4%) trial factor was strong with number of 60 respondents (45,1%), the invitation of friends factor was strong with number of 68 respondents (51,1%), heavy stress factor was number of 73 respondents (54,9%), drug abuse with a high

Educational Goals and Philosophy Essay - 945 Words

Educational Goals and Philosophy Making a career choice can often be a tormenting decision, and many people choose a profession or line of work that may not satisfy their creative abilities, but only pays the bills. I have known, specifically since the first day I spent in kindergarten class, that my purpose is to teach, and for that knowledge I am especially fortunate. The philosophies that I support have been part of my educational beliefs and standards for the majority or my lifetime, and are qualities that, I feel, make an effective and touching teacher. My first opportunity to display my desire to teach was an experience that changed my life, and will continue to shadow my teaching career,†¦show more content†¦As I observed in a ninth-grade English class, I found that there were several different types of students. Several of the students were very eager to learn, attentive, and thoughtful. They raised their hands, asked intelligent questions, and completed all assignments to the fullest of their potential. A few other students were very outgoing and outspoken. They were eager to answer questions, but they didn’t put forth the effort required to master the subject. These students performed adequately well; however, they progressed more slowly than did the more passionate students. Finally there was the group of students who make learning more difficult for others by interrupting or disrupting the classroom discussions. I believe implementing an effective classroom philosophy or philosophies can successfully reach, to some extent, each of these types of students in a way that enables them to grasp a specific topic and utilize it in their future educational endeavors. I believe that English, among several other subjects, is an extremely essential subject in educating our children. Students cannot progress to high school graduation, a college education, or a successful business without obtaining enough knowledge of the English language to communicate well with others. Therefore, I am a firm follower ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on Educational Goals and Philosophy956 Words   |  4 PagesEducational Goals and Philosophies My life has been greatly influenced by family members who are educators: my mother is a third grade teacher, my father an elementary school principal, my sister a high school English teacher, and my brother who obtains a degree in agricultural education. This has instilled in me the desire to become, like them, a good educator but is defiantly not the only reason for my decision to peruse teaching as an occupation. There are several reasons why I haveRead More Educational Goals and Philosophy Essay785 Words   |  4 PagesEducational Goals and Philosophy Teaching has always been an honorable and valued profession. With teaching you instill the knowledge and values that the student will take with them throughout life. I have volunteered at the elementary school with my children and have enjoyed watching the encouragement and nurturing of these teachers towards their students. I felt that I have the ability to nurture and share in the wonderment of the knowledge that prevails around us. To achieve this goalRead MoreEssay on Educational Goals and Philosophy1175 Words   |  5 PagesEducational Goals and Philosophy As I prepare for my life long goal to be an educator, I continuously realize the complexity and great responsibility of this career. Instead of becoming overwhelmed and intimidated by these realizations, I try to concentrate my efforts on organizing my beliefs and goals. In this philosophy statement, I will display my beliefs and goals by discussing the nature of students, the nature of knowledge, the purpose of public education, methods, and curriculum. ThisRead More Educational Goals and Philosophy Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesStatement of Educational Goals and Philosophy My desire to become a teacher began while I was in junior high school however; my family, friends, and coaches basically turned me against it. They said it was a jobless market with no future. At that age, those people were very impressionable on my decisions, and because of this I became disillusioned about my career, and at that point I just knew I wanted to attend college. Once in college, I found my niche in the social sciences. I loveRead MoreEssay on Educational Goals and Philosophy1072 Words   |  5 PagesEducational Goals and Philosophy Most individuals can recall when they were very young saying, â€Å"When I grow up, I want to be a . . . † For some people, over the course of growing up their ambitions changed several times. But for many, they ended up in a career which was a life long desire, goal, or ambition. Today, students must begin to think about their future on a more serious note than that of childhood during the latter part of their middle school years. This is during theirRead MoreEssay Educational Goals and Philosophy1281 Words   |  6 PagesEducational Goals and Philosophy As a child, playing â€Å"school† occupied most of my time. My younger sister and I taught a bedroom full of stuffed animals and filled in imaginary names in our old school books. From the bad bears and loud bunnies to the good puppies and smart kittens, each stuffed animal possessed his or her own personality. The thought of teaching never entered into my mind when I was asked, â€Å"What do you want to be when you grow up?† Uncertain aboutRead MoreEssay on Educational Goals and Philosophies1840 Words   |  8 PagesEducational Goals and Philosophies For the past seven years, I have had the same dream - to someday be a high school math teacher. I am finally on my way to turning that dream into a reality. Along the way, I am learning a lot of things and forming a number of opinions. One of the main areas in which I am forming new beliefs is in relation to what methods I will use in teaching my class and what aspects of what philosophies I will employ. First of all, however, I must reach the pointRead More Educational Goals and Philosophy Essay901 Words   |  4 PagesStatement of Educational Goals and Philosophy Every student is an individual, with his or her own personality and style. When teaching, I will remember and understand that students are children, not small adults. They will try my patience and understanding, then test the limits of my indulgence. My approach to teaching leans toward the essentialism. The student is there to learn what they need to know so they can become self-reliant adults. I want to be a teacher who under standsRead MoreEssay on Statement of Educational Goals and Philosophy689 Words   |  3 PagesStatement of Educational Goals and Philosophy I can still remember coming home from school after an exciting day in the first grade. I would go straight to my room, line all of my dolls up in the floor, and â€Å"teach† them everything I had learned earlier that day. But of course, not every child who pretends to be a teacher in his or her early years actually becomes a teacher. So although I enjoyed â€Å"teaching,† I never really considered it as a choice for my life-long career. Read More Educational Goals and Philosophy Essay examples1264 Words   |  6 PagesEducational Goals and Philosophy As a student of education, I have been able to gather many ideas and opinions about practices and ideals I want to implement in my future classroom. My philosophies about education are still being formed and continually change with every class I visit and with every educator I encounter. My ideas, admittedly, come from random experiences and intangible texts, but as I gain more experience in the field through my courses, my philosophies about teaching

Walgreens Case Study free essay sample

INTRODUCTION: It was in 1901 that Charles Walgreen Sr. opted to purchase the Chicago drugstore where he worked as a pharmacist (David, 2013). He offered his own drug line and expanded the drug store with other items (David, 2013). His success allowed him to open a second drug store by 1909; over 100 stores in the next nine years, went public with stock shares by 1933, and in 1946 Walgreens pursued a philanthropic venture, opening a non-profit drugstore in the pentagon (David, 2013). Currently, Walgreens has stores located in all 50 states as well as the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico (David, 2013). Walgreens dedication to be the first choice in the health and the daily living category has helped it expand globally and maintain a competitive advantage. They currently offers prescription labels in 14 languages and were the first to offer child-resistant containers before law required them (David, 2013). Walgreens has proved to be innovative and adaptable to the times, which contributes to many years of success. We will write a custom essay sample on Walgreens Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, in the past few years the economy has seen high unemployment rates, changes in the health care industry and price matching in response to consumer price sensitivity (David, 2013). Walgreens will have to work on offering attractive pricing and other service offerings to maintain its high ranking and competitive advantage. CURRENT MISSION, GOALS, STRATEGY: Walgreens current mission is â€Å"To be the most trusted, convenient, multichannel provider and advisor of innovative pharmacy, health and wellness solutions, and consumer goods and services in communities across America. A destination where health and happiness come together to help people get well, stay well and live well† (David, 2013). To maintain a competitive advantage, Walgreens offers their employees career advancement and training opportunities for career development. They are extending their pharmaceutical services by offering preventative health care services and daily HDL, glucose and cholesterol testing (David, 2013). Walgreens is conscious of the opportunities that have emerged in the industry and are pursuing strategies focused on: pricing, customer service, patients and other categories that will help enhance the Walgreen’s name. They are currently marketing their products through different mediums to promote their private-label brands, and focusing on price and quality. Their current focus on pursuing these strategies will help them become aggressive competitors against major stores like Wal-Mart and Costco to become the largest drug retailer in the U. S. INTERNAL ANALYSIS: See attached IFEM Walgreens is a strong company internally with an IFEM score of 2. 98. FINANCE: Walgreens is very strong financially, as indicated by the following financial measures. Walgreens most recent year-end results indicate that demand is still high. Revenues increased by 6. 4% and net income increased by 4. 2% year over year (David, 2013). This is good news for a company that has faced increased costs and extreme competition. Walgreens increased the rate of store conversions which increased conversion costs over the prior year from $5 million to $45 million (David, 2013). Although Walgreens has seen an increase in operating costs over the prior year, their gross margin of 28. 15% is the highest among the industry (David, 2013). The current ratio stands at 1. 60 which suggests that Walgreens is fully capable of paying its short-term obligations (David, 2013). The company’s quick ratio is at . 61 which suggests that a high rate of the company’s assets derive from product inventory which isn’t considered as liquid as other assets (David, 2013). Although the quick ratio doesn’t suggest a favorable liquidity rating of short-term obligations, the company has a low debt to assets ratio. The debt to assets ratio stands at . 09 which is a small decrease over the prior year of . 2% which indicates that Walgreens is less dependent on debt to grow their business (David, 2013). Should Walgreens face any drastic downward market changes, they are in a position that would allow them to borrow, or liquidate assets. MANAGEMENT: Over the course of 113 years, Walgreens has grown from a single location pharmacy to a chain of nearly 8,000 locations (David, 2013). The great leadership of Walgreens has helped to grow the company into one of the largest pharmacies in the world. The company has a strong organizational structure, culture, vision, and mission. The company’s management has continued to build its core pharmacy business as well as find ways to innovate and expand its product offerings. Fast Company ranked Walgreens as the sixth most innovative health care company for leadership in health care services (David, 2013). This ranking is well deserved and identifies the management’s determination to move forward, in the competitive business world. Walgreens management faces the challenge of diversifying its business portfolio. Nearly 65% of Walgreens business derives from prescription drugs and 10% derive from non-prescription drugs (David, 2013). As the number of competitors continues to grow, management must continue to innovate through technology and introduce new products and services to limit risk. Walgreens can also benefit from providing career growth opportunities for its employees. The company offers a variety of career advancement and training opportunities for their employees. On-the-job training, professional career development, financial assistance programs for pharmacy students, and management and pharmacy internships are among the career development opportunities Walgreens has provided to its employees (David, 2013). The company’s commitment to employee growth will provide a satisfied and well trained workforce that will help the company succeed for years to come. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: Walgreens has a clear vision and mission of who they want to be and what their business is. This clarity has helped them identify and quickly respond to changes in consumer shopping habits. Walgreens is a fierce competitor and through acquisitions has increased their market share in the industry. Drugstore. com, with $456 million in sales and an addition of 3 million customers, was acquired to compete with CVS Caremark, a leader in mail-order prescriptions (David, 2013). They also added an online chat service and a mobile application for prescription refills. Walgreens must keep this momentum to meet the demand expected to rise for prescription drugs due to the increase of insured Americans in the upcoming years, resulting from the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. According to the U. S Census Bureau, 32 million Americans will have health coverage in the next decade, 95 percent by 2019 (www. census. gov). MARKETING: Walgreens has extended their advertising to publicize their private-brand as well as branded health and wellness products to its customers (David, 2013). However, they need to better promote their mobile application and online services and sell the convenience of shopping online and filling up prescription refills via their mobile application to maintain their competitive advantage. Many current and potential customers are not aware of these helpful tools. EXTERNAL ANALYSIS: See attached EFEM Walgreens appears to be responding to external threats and opportunities well as indicated by the EFEM score of 2. 74. COMPETITION AND THE INDUSTRY: Three of the fourteen EFEM factors are â€Å"competitive,† including two major threats and one minor threat. The external environment is certainly competitive due to the recognition and resources available to competitors such as Wal-Mart and CVS. The industry itself includes a minor threat of prescription sales slowing over the past half century (David, 2013). This is something that is affecting all competitors and will likely be alleviated by the new Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act which is predicted to increase health care coverage to 95% of Americans by 2019 (David, 2013). The growth of in-store health clinics is a major opportunity. â€Å"Retail clinics offer superior convenience by curing the ills and the frustrations of waiting patients (i. e. , no appointments needed, evening and weekend operating hours, and 15-minute-or-less wait times) and by situating themselves in convenient locations† (Deloitte Center for Health Solutions, 2008, p. 6). Walgreens already operates in all 50 states (David, 2013). Growing the number of in-store health clinics seizes the opportunity for additional revenues and recognition by customers on the convenience of their stores. The increase in consumer spending on nondurable goods provides the opportunity for Walgreens to offer promotions for non-health related items to increase foot traffic in the stores and use of the online store. This will continue to make Walgreens a staple in customer’s routine of going to Walgreens to become more of their one-stop shopping experience. TECHNOLOGY: During Fiscal year 2010, the Walgreens online pharmacy received an average of 15,000 visits per month (David, 2013). A U. S. Census Bureau â€Å"E-Stats† online publication showed that for 2010, Online sales were less than 40 percent of total sales† for prescription drugs (U. S. Census Bureau, 2012, p. 3). However; â€Å"[r]etailers’ e-commerce sales increased by 16. 3 percent. As a share of total retail sales, e-commerce sales was 4. 4 percent ($169 billion), up from 4. 0 percent ($145 billion) in 2009† (U. S. Census Bureau, 2012, p. 1). This shows how a minor opportunity could very well transform into a major opportunity for Walgreens. Competition is certainly high with retailers such as CVS and Wal-Mart that already have a major online presence. Walgreens success will depend on how they invest and market their online presence as the consumer trend towards ecommerce continues. ECONOMIC: High unemployment rates and the increasing costs of energy are both considered minor threats. Although higher rates of unemployment coupled by increases in costs will decrease their spending, Walgreens offers over the counter and prescription medical products that in many cases are considered by consumers as a basic need. Consumers will likely trend towards decreasing spending on items of entertainment rather than those of basic needs. Subsequently, â€Å"[a]s the economy expands further, the rate of unemployment is projected to continue declining until, in 2016, it reaches 5 percent† which is much more favorable than the 2010 rate of 10 percent and will likely allow for the trend of consumer spending on nondurable goods upwards (Congressional Budget Office, 2010, p. 23-25). Increased revenues at Walgreens from all product types and more income available for consumers will decrease the effect of higher energy costs on both the business and the consumer. STRATEGIC OPTION ANALYSIS: See the I/E, SPACE, TOWS and QSPM THE IE MATRIX: The IE Matrix places Walgreens in a difficult position. The matrix officially places Walgreens in the Hold and Maintain position, but borders on Build and Grow. Both the EFEM and IFEM averages are favorable and strong consecutively. This would be expected since the company does have a large amount of stores. The issue lies in building those stores to customer demand and company standard instead of building new stores. This can be seen with the suggested strategies to advance the old and incorporate the new. Walgreens has a strong foundation giving it the ability to expand and evolve. The Space Matrix: The Space Matrix shows Walgreens positioned in the AGGRESSIVE quadrant in the lower left portion towards COMPETITIVE. With a strong financial position (FS+4. 5), moderate competitive position (CS-2. 8), moderate environmental position (ES-2. 33), and very strong industry position (IS+4. 75), confirm the plot position. The SPACE Matrix follows the placement of the IE Matrix’s Hold and Maintain position. The very strong industry position confirms the previous suggestions of evolving existing products to compete with competitors. THE TOWS MATRIX: The TOWS MATRIX YIELDED FOURTEEN STRATEGIES. Of the fourteen strategies, eleven are B/C strategies and three are functional strategies. The functional strategies fall into the categories of management and innovation. The B/C strategies developed include an assortment of retrenchment, combination, marketing, market penetration, market development, service development, technology and innovation. The QSPM and the QSPM score Summary Sheet: The eleven distinct B/C strategies were evaluated by the QSPM and QSPM Summary. The strategies developed aligned with the TOWS Matrix yielded low Max Possible Scored (MPS) on all strategies. The highest strategy was #2, determining strategies to increase online sales revenue and membership, with a MPS of 36%. This would be considered as weak to moderate. This being said, this strategy and other B/C strategies should still be considered based on the results of the IE Matrix and Space Matrix. RECOMMENDED STRATEGIC THRUST AND SUPPORTING STRATEGIES: Walgreens should plan its strategic thrust on evolving and developing established locations. The industry is aggressive and Walgreens is a key player. As seen in the case, Walgreens is one of the top three competitors with 7,562 drugstore locations across all 50 states (David, 2013). It would be unnecessary to develop too many more new facilities without evolving and expanding on current locations. FUNCTIONAL STRATEGIES The following functional strategies should be carried out in the time frames indicated. F/MK: Focus on online shopping format and build it bigger and stronger. Time Frame: Short-Range. F/MK: Launch of new label marketing campaign. Time Frame: Mid-Range. F/SK: Focusing on getting the attention of the 600K people who connect via Social Media such at Facebook and Twitter. Time Frame: Short to Mid-Range. F/SV: Building and growing so that they can operate globally. Time Frame: Long-Range. B/C (BUSINESS/CORPORATE STRATEGIES) SHORT RANGE-INITIATE IMMEDIATELY AND IN PRIORITY: Strategy #1– MK (SO): Incorporate more advertising and deals via media. Try to focus on adding more advertising on television, radio, and online. Speak with different social media groups to advertise with them. This should include but not be limited to Facebook and Twitter to reach the younger generation. Strategy #4 – MP (SO): This is also similar to strategy #1, but expands on reaching the younger generation. This is all about advertising and creating products and marketing them to the younger generation. Strategy #6 –MK (WO): Add more incentive programs for getting prescriptions filled with Walgreens by promoting other store goods. Offer customers deals for switching their prescriptions to Walgreens as well as offering deals for each time they refill by offering free store products. Strategy #10 – RT (WT): Look at leasing options within existing retail outlets to avoid construction expenses. Instead of building and spending the time and money it would easier and more cost effective to lease buildings already in existence. MID RANGE – BEGIN PLANNING IMMEDIATELY FOR IMPLEMENTATION IN 2 TO 3 YEARS. Strategy #9 – MD (ST): Increase marketing expense for Walgreens. com and phone application. This expense should go towards updating the website so it’s easier to navigate and making the telephone system easier for the elder population to use. Strategy #2- TC (SO): Determine strategies to increase online sales revenue and membership. Work on different programs and specials to interest people into purchasing products as well as membership. Strategy #3- SC (SO): Expand on in-store health clinics. Expand current clinics to handle a different variety of vaccines, physicals, and diagnosing as well as prescribing commonly used medications. Strategy #11 – CB (WT): Look to partner with popular health brand as some competitors have done. Securing the partnership would help to gain and keep brand-loyal customers. LONG RANGE-BEGIN PLANNING NOW FOR IMPLEMENTATION IN 4 TO 5 YEARS. Strategy #8 –SD (ST): Invest in remodeling out-of-date stores to add convenience. Customers are more inclined to visit stores that make them feel comfortable and especially for a store selling medications, cleanliness and modernization is a must. Strategy #5 – MK (WO): Add In-Store Health Clinics. While some of the stores offer in-store health clinics, this should be expanded to include all of the stores. NOT RECOMMENDED: Strategy #7 – IN (ST): Continue to acquire like businesses to build strong national recognition. Work with and join forces with other companies to build their national recognition. Walgreens has strong national recognition already. They need to continue to build the company to increase revenue. In Conclusion, there are many different threats to the success of Walgreens. The threats include direct competition from large retailers such as Wal-Mart and CVS as well as a variety of grocery stores, and even small â€Å"Mom and Pop† pharmacies. The economic market is also affecting the sales and profits of Walgreens. Walgreens should focus on factors that will help raise Walgreens from sixth most innovative health care company to first or even second as well as work on their online products, and make getting products or prescription easier for the older population. This includes utilizing on-line access to refilling prescriptions and ordering products. END

Communication In The Godfather Essays - English-language Films

Communication In The Godfather Vito Corleone is one of the main characters in the movie The Godfather. Throughout the movie Vito gives numerous speeches to the men who work for him, do business with him, and ask favors of him. His style is unusual for a man with all of his power, but it is very effective. His style could be a good example to anyone who is in a management position working with subordinates as well as anyone working in sales or any other position where there is contact with potential business partners. In this paper I will be analyzing Vito's speaking style. First, I will discuss a brief history of Vito Corleone's life to put his speaking into perspective. Next I will discuss his speaking style in different situations. Finally I will look at the reactions to his speaking and his overall speaking effectiveness. Vito Corleone was born with the last name Andoline. He was born in Corleone, Sicily, in the early 1900's. When Vito was twelve-years old his family was murdered and fearing for his own life he immigrated to the United States. Young Vito did not want to be discovered so he did not give the immigration officer on Ellis Island his last name. The officer had to put some name down so the officer choose to use the town that Vito was from as his last name. After hiding out for a few years with relatives, Vito went to work in a grocery store in New York's Hell's Kitchen. At the age of eighteen, Vito married an Italian girl who had just arrived from Sicily. Vito continued to work at the grocery store until a local offshoot Mafia member made the grocery store owner give Vito's job to his nephew. Until that point Vito had never done anything illegal. Out of a job, Vito reluctantly helped a neighbor hide some illegal guns for a few dollars. Vito eventually made friends with his neighbor Peter Clemenza, and his neighbor's partner Tessio. A few weeks later Vito reluctantly agreed to high jack a truck with Clemenza and Tessio. Each of them cleared at least a thousand dollars from the heights. The local smalltime Mafia leader who had cost Vito his job heard about the truck heist. This local Mafia leader demanded a cut from the three young men. Vito, Clemenza, and Tessio were torn between paying the money that they worked so hard for, or keeping the money and becoming an enemy of the leader. Vito decided to hold out and not pay the amount the Mafia leader was asking. Clemenza and Tessio reluctantly agreed to let Vito handle the situation. Vito Corleone, after a clever discussion with the Mafia leader, used an ambush to kill the Mafia leader. Vito was still not interested in organized crime, he just had wanted to keep all of his money. Clemenza and Tessio were noticing that no new Mafia member had taken over now that the original leader had been killed. Clemenza spoke to Vito saying, Nobody is collecting from the store owners. Nobody is collecting from the card games and gambling in the neighborhood. Tessio then said, We could take over his customers. They would pay us. Vito shrugged, I have no interest in such things. Slowly Vito realized that his neighbors viewed him differently now. Vito was treated as a man of respect by everyone now. When a widow had a problem with her landlord kicking her out, she surprising came to Vito for help. When he spoke to the landlord at the widows request, the landlord was rude and insulted that Vito would even step into his personal business. Vito remained polite and as he was leaving said, Do me this service, eh? I won't forget it. Ask your friends in the neighborhood about me, they'll tell you I'm a man who believes in showing his gratitude. The landlord immediately made inquiries about Vito Corleone. He visited Vito that vary night, assuring Vito that it had been a dreadful misunderstanding and he not only let the widow stay, but he reduced her rent. The landlord was so afraid that he stayed out of town for a few weeks. Vito Corleone was reputed to be a member of

Motivational Program and Alcoholics Anonymous

Motivational Program and Alcoholics Anonymous Introduction Alcoholism is one of the issues that have affected mankind for a long time. Millions of dollars have been spent on alcohol and alcohol related issues. Thousands of families have been adversely affected, not to mention the talents that have been lost or not fully exploited due to taking of too much alcohol.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Motivational Program and Alcoholics Anonymous specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More We are not in a position to measure all the impacts that indulgence in alcohol has on mankind. The society understands the weight this issue has and different approaches have been taken aiming at helping the people who are struggling to stop taking alcohol. Scientists, theoreticians, philosophers, doctors and counsellors have all come up with suggestions meant to help people struggling to stop taking alcohol. Many theories have been developed in an attempt to find strategies which can help alcohol users to quite taking alcohol. Motivational theories are widely used to explain how motivation can be used to address the alcoholism issue. Motivational theories have been developed by different psychologists over time and most of the alcohol recovery programs indeed use at least one or a combination of motivational theories to help victims recover from alcoholism. Alcoholic Anonymous is one of the widely renowned alcoholism recovery programs operating in almost 200 countries and helping millions of alcohol addicts recover from alcoholism. This paper discusses Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) motivational program, motivational theories and then analyses how successful or not the AA program has been basing on the motivational theories. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) The history of AA can be traced from a group called the Oxford Group which was a Christian organisation. Its purpose was to help men struggling to quite taking alcohol possible. It is believed that their concept of deal ing with alcoholism was more of a spiritual approach as they believed that surrendering to God would help solve the sinful nature of alcoholism. AA is said to have been formed in 1939 by Bill Wilson who borrowed most of the ideas from the Oxford Group and broadened the concept to include psychological and physical treatment as well. Since then the membership has increased and the program has increased its boundaries from America and Canada, where it was originally based to different parts of the world (Kurtz, 1979). How AA works AA motivational program works on a voluntary basis whereby whoever is willing to quite taking alcohol join the group. In order to encourage alcoholic victims to join the program and at the same time protect them from public ridicule the program calls for anonymity of the members hence the name alcoholics anonymous. The program not only helps alcoholics but also people struggling from other forms of addiction as well.Advertising Looking for research p aper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is worth noting that the program is self-sustaining with no any external financial help, but works from voluntary contributions from its members and literature sales. There are no employed workers but rather the counselling is carried out by the previously recovered individuals through the mentorship program which is also voluntary. AA believes that the only qualification for membership is the decision and will to quit taking alcohol (Kurtz, 1979). There are meeting centres distributed over 200 countries and a willing member is expected to join in any of the AA group meetings close to them. Once in the group, one is expected to confess and share personal experiences as an alcoholic with other members within the group and this would thus mark the beginning of the healing process (Kurtz, 1979). Sponsorship can be seen as a mentorship program whereby members who have underg one much of the recovery program have the responsibility of mentoring and helping new entrants into the 12 principles of AA treatment program. This works both ways, the new members are able to learn from the already experienced members and on the other hand the sponsors are able to improve on their recovery process by helping the new individuals. The basic principle of AA motivational program is that the victims of alcohol addiction must admit that there is a higher power, that is, God for those that believe in him or just any higher power for those that may not believe in God. By submitting oneself to this higher power instead of working on self-reliance, the high power will somehow give them assistance as they try to recover from their addiction (AA, 2008). It is worth noting that AA takes the approach of self-involvement whereby there are no organisational structures, no managers neither CEO’s. There are no documentations or regulatory official requirements but rather the organisation is only accountable to its members. One unique characteristic of AA is the fact that individuals are not assessed by qualified experts but rather every individual does personal diagnosis and checks the progress from the 12 stepwise procedures (Dick, 1998). The course of treatment at AA is based on giving in to external greater power rather than relying on personal will and strength. In contrast to the mostly used approach of working towards improving on self-esteem, AA takes a different approach of exercising humility and submission to a greater power.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Motivational Program and Alcoholics Anonymous specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to AA, if the alcoholic just follows the simple plan that is suggested then he/she would have more chances of recovering (Galanter and Kaskutas, 2008, p. 10). In addition they believe that there is no free will in alcoholics si nce the alcoholic has already lost personal control to alcohol. AA, according to Galanter and Kaskutas (2008), defines alcoholism as: Spiritual, mental, and physical illness and recovery requires healing all aspects of the illness; abstinence from alcohol in and of itself is regarded as â€Å"being dry† and is insufficient because alcoholism is but a â€Å"symptom† of underlying character defects. (Galanter and Kaskutas, 2008, p. 10) The success or failure of AA recovery program can arguably be attributed to the strength of an individual to undergo total change in the way of thinking. The expectation of change of thought to surrender to an external powerful authority is expected to help the person quite taking alcohol. Simple suggestions are made to new individuals especially those who want to take drastic changes at a go. AA believes that the simple and few steps will help someone to stabilise before making tougher decisions later. It is claimed that one of the streng ths of AA is its cognitive approach to dealing with alcoholism. â€Å"AA meetings provide an atmosphere in which cognitive restructuring can take place† (Galanter and Kaskutas, 2008, p. 10). In addition the AA’s12 steps, attendance to meetings and being a mentor or sponsor all works positively towards mental restructuring. Self-diagnosis is one of the most important elements of the program as individuals can develop their own alcoholic individuality which, according to psychologists, creates self-recovery on one’s inner self. Motivational theories Motivational theories are thoughts and assumptions that attempt to explain the nature of a human being in terms of what prompts or triggers actions towards a certain direction. Huitt (2001) defined motivation as â€Å"internal state or condition that activates behavior and gives it direction, or desire or want that energizes and directs goal-oriented behavior, or influence of needs and desires on the intensity and dir ection of behavior† (Huitt, 2001, p. 1). The AA program uses the ideology of motivation to help alcoholic victims recover from their alcoholic behavior.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Biological motivation Biological motivation is based on the fact that human actions may be driven in such a way to satisfy an internal biological need such as need to satisfy hunger or thirst. It is believed that there are internal subconscious drives that make a human being behave in a certain way (Bernstein Nash, 2006). Drive reduction theory explains how human actions are biologically motivated in order to reduce the causative agent inside the human nature. This theory is based on the fact that inside any organism are physiological or biological needs and requirement such as hunger, thirst, sexual desire, among others which, unless met, will trigger and maintain an unstable state of body which is believed to increase with time if the need is not satisfied in time (Bernstein Nash, 2006). The process can be viewed as a feedback mechanism (Deci and Ryan, 2008). When the physiological need is satisfied the organism will go back to the normal or stable state. When the physiological need is met either directly or indirectly then, there is a reduction of the drive. Arousal theory explains that it is in human nature to sustain a definite degree of arousal that makes us feel stable and comfortable. It can mean emotional, rational or even physical activity (Shah Gardner, 2008). The AA program certainly uses biological motivation though in a simplistic approach. The program appreciates the fact that total abstinence at once may never give any desirable results. This is because a sudden stop of use of alcohol especially for addicts will definitely trigger one of the strongest biological needs to quench the alcoholic thirst. The biological motivation principle of maintaining the physiological homeostasis will be triggered by sudden cut off of alcohol. What the program advocates is continual gradual reduction in the amount of alcohol taken which will eventually reduce to manageable level where total cut off can be done. In addition the AA principle of relinquishing on eself to a higher power to take over the alcoholic problem can arguably be seen as a diversion of the alcoholic biological motivation to an external agent and in that way, the biological drive and arousal are somewhat compressed. This is likely to enable the alcoholics recover quickly. Cognitive/social motivational theory This theory explains how behavior patterns of individuals are influenced by, among other factors, physical environmental, people and situations. This theory connects between the individual, environment and the behavior. The environment can be seen as a combination of all the external factors that are likely to influence a person’s behavior (Deci and Ryan, 2008). The person’s perception about the different aspects of the environment is believed to influence the person’s behavior. The behavior can also be influenced by a person’s perception of other people’s behaviors through either watching them or even when interacting with them. Tolman Purposeful behavior theory Tolman was one of the social cognitive theorists. Through his numerous experiments with rats and mazes he came up with the theory of purposeful behavior. According to Daltonâ€Å" Tolman proposed that learning could occur without reinforcement and without an observable change in behavior. In addition, Tolman found that behavior is affected by an organism’s expectations, often resulting goal-oriented, purposeful behavior† (Dalton 1). This is arguably one of the most applicable motivational theories in the AA program. The success or failure of any given case in the AA program depends, to a large extent on the expectation of the individual. If the individual has a predetermined mind about recovery his behavior in the AA program will certainly lead him to recovery. Asch attribution and conformity theory Solomon Asch presented his theories conformity and attribution. According his attribution theory, individuals attribute actions in life to an agent either external or internal. Alcoholics may attribute their drinking habit to lack of self control. AA program counter attacks the different attributions by offering a supernatural, powerful being in which the drunkards can attribute their weaknesses and hence relinquish their inner self to the power. In addition his conformity theory which revolves about voluntary yielding to situations despite personal preferences also applies. Being in the presence of a group of similar individuals in the AA meetings creates a favorable condition for conformity to the behavior of the group. This does help in motivating the alcoholics towards recovery. The physical environment such as the condition of a house or a class may play a significant part in motivating someone. The physical environment may also be a source of materials, opportunities or even societal support; this is one of the motivation strategies employed by the AA program. The fact that members meet in places far away from p ublic ridicule and in the presence of other like members makes the environment conducive for the recovery program (Bernstein Nash, 2006). A given situation may either motivate or discourage someone to behave in a certain way. In addition how an individual perceives a given situation may have an effect on the course of action to be taken depending on whether the situation was perceived as encouraging or discouraging. AA uses this technique to make the newcomers feel comfortable in the knowledge that they are in the presence of people who have gone through a similar situation and this is actually a motivation for new members to continue with the recovery program (Bernstein Nash, 2006). Expectancies which can be viewed as valuable or the importance an individual places on the expected results or rewards may have a great impact on the level of motivation for that person. People who place a higher value on the outcome are more likely to be more motivated than those who do not value the outcome as much. In AA the 12 principles places a lot of importance to the kind of life one is likely to enjoy after recovery from alcoholism. The new members actually get a chance of interacting with the already recovered members and this is a motivation enough to make them stick to the program however difficult it may seem to be. Self-control plays a very important role in motivation. People who have the internal strength of self-control may exhibit a result oriented behavior and as such they are likely to be more motivated if they are presented with conditions or situations that will demand determination or control in order to achieve the desired results. The AA program calls for determination to accept one’s alcoholic condition and surrendering to a higher authority which has the power to heal the spiritual and psychological sickness. They advocate for stepwise self-control whereby one is not required to automatically quit drinking but rather practice self-control for sh ort durations which can then be extended to achieve the desired results. This is likely to motivate self-controlled individuals (Dick, 1998). There are individuals who learn from others and are more likely to be motivated not because of what they are doing or capable of doing but by simply admiring what other people around them are doing. Individuals who are addicted to alcoholism can be motivated by being exposed to individuals who have already quite taking alcohol. AA program offers the best opportunity for the individuals struggling with alcoholism to interact with the recovering or the already recovered individuals, otherwise known as sponsorship. Through sponsorship individuals are able to associate and take after their sponsors. This can be the best method of motivation for some of the members (Dick, 1998). Self-efficacy is also believed to influence the level of motivation in a person. Some people are more motivated in the belief and knowledge that they have what it takes to complete the given task. By understanding how different people are in terms of how they are motivated, then it becomes easier to help them achieve their goals and objectives. This is best applicable in the AA program whereby alcoholics are made to believe that the desired outcome can only come from their personal will to give up themselves to a greater power for healing (Dick, 1998). Eclectic theory Eclectic theorists try to explain motivation and behaviour of people by taking on pieces of what they believe to be the best from other theories. They claim that the human nature is so complex and as such not one approach may suffice to explain the relationship between motivation and human behaviour. The 12 principle AA motivational program employs all the methods as a mixture in order to achieve the desired results. Strengths of AA program Galanter and Kaskutas (2008) claimed that â€Å"AA program is complex, implicitly grounded in sound psychological principles, and more sophisticated than is typically understood† (Galanter Kaskutas, 2008, p. 10). Although much criticism has been thrown over the program, it can be claimed that such criticism may be due to the misunderstanding of the whole idea behind the program. In addition, the fact that the program works under anonymity makes it difficult and tricky to research, analyse and document success or failure of the program. We can arguably say that the program has achieved success as compared to other programs offering the same type of service. From basic knowledge the program started in 1935 and has only grown, gaining membership every year. Then we can claim that if there was no any considerable success then the program would have died long time ago. It is also claimed that â€Å"an increasing number of DUIs are court ordered to AA† (Galanter and Kaskutas, 2008, p. 13) arguably for a simple reason, the judicial systems have confidence in the AA program. Success can also be based on the methodology of the program. The program employs a self-healing process where the victim plays the major role in initialising and maintaining the recovery process with the help of other members of the group (Deci Ryan, 2008). The fact that the program allows for personal participation, motivational environment and a chance to put into practice what one has learned by sharing with others and mentorship program suffices that a degree of success is likely to be achieved (AA, 2008). The fact that the AA program seeks to change the way of thinking of the alcoholics and not merely helping them stop the drinking habit implies that the impact of the program will be astounding. AA defines alcoholism as â€Å"spiritual, mental, and physical illness and healing require healing all aspects of the illness† (Galanter Kaskutas, 2008, p. 14). This posits that either 100% success may be achieved when an individual has fully recovered from alcoholism and thus in a better position mentally, spiritually and physically or at least some degree of success when one is not able to recover in all aspects (AA, 2002). Another point worth noting is that AA provides a program that is fit and comfortable for everyone, both spiritual and non-spiritual. Each person can customise the recovery program according to personal preferences â€Å"the house that AA helps a man build for himself is different for each occupant because each occupant is his own architect† (Galanter Kaskutas, 2008, p. 18). Atheists, believers, radicals as well as conformists can fit in the program and that is arguably the greatest achievement of the AA program. Other recovery programs such as religious sponsored institution are not compatible to such a wide variety of individuals. A statistical approach to the question of the success of the program indicates that the program has met and even exceeded expectations. A report carried out to determine success rate claimed that: A total of 68% of the women in the survey repor ted that they had stopped drinking within a year of their first meeting as compared with only 63% of the men. At the same time, 74% of those under thirty reported they had stopped drinking within a year of attending their first AA meeting, compared with 63% of those over thirty. (AA, 2008, p. 6) One of the strengths of AA is in the structure. AA works as a community though anonymous. A community of people with a common challenge in life and this is perhaps one of the greatest advantages members have, to work and share with people who have or are already undergoing what one is going through. When a new person hears the testimonies of other members who have experienced to be AA community then they get encouraged that all is not lost for them (Medvene, 1989). Another advantage of the AA program lies in the fact that individuals who have the will to stick around for some time get a chance to accelerate their recovery through mentoring the young members in the group. This can be seen as a helper therapy which is believed to help mentors affirm the need to quit alcoholism. A research done to confirm whether indeed this was true found out that â€Å"those helping other alcoholics were less likely to relapse (60%) than those who did not help their peers (78%)† (Galanter Kaskutas, 2008, p. 24). The element of reciprocity in AA gives it an upper hand over other programs. Since the program works on the principle of self-help with the help of others and that there is no any monetary payments to be made, then the only way members can give back is by doing good to themselves by quitting alcoholism. It is claimed that â€Å"many follow moral norms or reciprocity found in society at large and believe that they should give back, if not to their immediate benefactor, to some generalized other in the future† (Galanter Kaskutas, 2008, p. 25). AA weaknesses It can be argued that one of the greatest weaknesses of AA lies in its structure. The fact that there are no any official or managerial structures makes the program vulnerable to abuse and expression of personal interests, for instance it is claimed that, at times â€Å"members of AA groups may dispel disruptive drunk attendees or treat newcomers in such a way that they feel unwelcome† (Galanter Kaskutas, 2008, p. 13). This may not be the case if there was some kind of management that may regulate the response and reaction of other members towards newcomers. The principle of freewill entry to anyone including disruptive drunkards may also be one of the disadvantages. Disruptive drunkards may be more of a discouragement than a motivation to others who may be trying to concentrate on their recovery program (Dick, 1998). The fact that the program is based on a spiritual background may not work for people who do not have any spiritual relation. The success of the program depends on the individual willingness and strength to change the way of thinking. This may be a goal hard to achieve given that the drunkards, in their state of drunkenness, have already given up and may not have the inner drive to change their way of thinking (Medvene, 1989). Conclusion The effect of alcohol on our community is such a great issue that it can simply not be ignored. The community always finds a way of helping those of us struggling with alcoholism and other forms of addiction. Alcoholic people need a lot of motivation in order to encourage and help them out of the alcohol menace. Different kinds of motivational theories such as biological, eclectic, social/cognitive do exist and their applicability in motivating alcoholics to recover is very instrumental. AA is one of the most widely used alcoholic recovery programs and its efficiency in its task mostly lies in the motivations that do exist in different aspects of the program. Though there has been much criticism about the program, it appeals to many and its strengths may far outweigh its weaknesses. References AA. (2002). The Twe lve Steps Of Alcoholics Anonymous. Web. AA. (2008). Alcoholics Anonymous Recovery outcome Rates. Web. Bernstein, D Nash, P. (2006). Essentials of psychology. New York, NY: Cengage Learning. Dalton, S. (n.d.). Synopsis Paper #2. Web. Deci, E Ryan, R. (2008). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York, NY: Springer. Dick, B. (1998). The Oxford Group and Alcoholics Anonymous. New York, NY: Good Book Publishing Company. Galanter, M Kaskutas, L. (2008). Research on alcoholics anonymous and spirituality in addiction recovery: the twelve-step program model. New York, NY: Springer. Kurtz, E. (1979). Not-God: A History of Alcoholics Anonymous. Minnesota: Hazelden Publishing. Medvene, M. (1989). Foilrigami. New York, NY: Astor-Honor Inc. Shah, J Gardner, W. (2008). Handbook of Motivation Science. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Respiratory therapy case study asthma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Respiratory therapy case study asthma - Essay Example P: The patient must be treated aggressively since she is presenting symptoms of life-threatening exacerbations of asthma, including: severe asthma history, poorly controlled asthma, psychological factors/anxiety, previous hospitalization for asthma, and history of intubations with mechanical ventilation. Albuterol must also be stopped as this further aggravates bronchospasm. Hence, the following respiratory care protocol must therefore be administered: (1) 100 percent nonrebreather face mask, (2) continuous SaO2 monitor/pulse oximetry, (3) inhaled short acting beta2-agonist hourly or continuously with the addition of anticholinergic, (4) IV fluid is a must since insensible water losses are increased with the work of breathing. IV hydration also helps in reducing viscosity and mucus plugging; however, urine input and output should be monitored to avoid overhydration, (5) intravenous corticosteroids, (6) CBC, electrolytes, ABG, chest radiograph, EKG, and theophylline level should be o btained (Veteran Health Administration, 2002). Leukotriene modifiers is known for its anti - inflammatory effects and should be added to the aforementioned medications (Louisiana State University database, 2006). Additionally, ABG revealed that patient has metabolic acidosis (HCO3- 19 mmol/L), an ominous sign of asthma. The patient has metabolic acidosis as a compensatory mechanism of impending respiratory alkalosis. Treating the underlying causes of respiratory alkalosis such as anxiety and asthma per se is a must to avoid further complication. It should be noted that if possible, intubation and mechanical ventilation should be avoided if at all possible, because the â€Å"underlying dynamic hyperinflation will worsen with positive-pressure ventilation† (Werner, 2001). Inspection: high fowler’s position, pursed-lips breathing, cyanotic, using accessory muscles of inspiration,

Public Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public Administration - Essay Example According to Max Weber’s policy, public administrators must be restricted to only laid down the policies in the discharge of their duties. But this would not help the country to have a proper and efficient public administration. The public administrators must have some amount of discretion as this would help them to resolve an issue based on the problem’s nature. The policies proposed by the government are generally common and it does not specify any external factor to tackle the problem. In this situation, the administrators must decide how to solve the issue by altering or modifying the proposed rules. They should have the rights to modify and implement the proposed policies. They must also have some amount of discretion so that they can decide how to serve the public in a better way. In a democratic country, the public administration cannot be carried out in an effective way without proposing new techniques and strategies. (Denhardt, 2009). The problem differs based on the situation and the same regulation might not work effectively for all sorts of issues. Instead it is better for the government to allow the public administrators to pursue their work with some discretion. This would enable them to help and serve people in a better way.

Cpk Case Essay Example for Free

Cpk Case Essay California Pizza Kitchen, Inc. (CPK) is a United States based dining restaurants chain. The company primarily offers a mixture of assortments of hearth-baked pizzas, a wide variety of unique appetizers, desserts, pastas, salads, soups and sandwiches. CPK operates across more than 253 locations in 32 states, the District of Columbia and 10 foreign countries. It owns 205 and 48 franchised restaurants across the world and is headquartered at Dover, Delaware. An external analysis of the California Pizza Kitchen reveals several challenges facing the business: Political, economical, social and technological changes to be specific. CPK’s communication strategy focuses on marketing the California Pizza Kitchen brand through many creative and non-traditional avenues. As one of the pioneers of premium pizza, they continue to benefit from national media attention featuring their co-founders and co-CEOs, Richard Rosenfield and Larry Flax, this is believed to provide CPK with a noteworthy competitive advantage. New restaurant openings, high-profile fundraisers and media events currently serve as the focal point of their public relations and media outreach efforts. As early as 2009 CPK landed a sponsorship agreement with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim and the Los Angeles Kings to promote California Pizza Kitchen at Angel Stadium and STAPLES Center, respectively. In the same year their public relations efforts led to coverage on a national level in various outlets including the Business Week Magazine, ESPN the Magazine, Los Angeles Times, USA Today, Wall Street Journal, The View, FOX National News and CNBC Power Lunch. CPK’s objective is to expand its leadership position in the restaurant and premium pizza market by selling original, high quality pizzas in addition to creative salads, distinctive pastas and related products and by providing extraordinary customer service, thus building a high degree of customer loyalty, brand awareness and superior returns for stockholders. To reach these objectives, CPK plan to increase the market share by expanding their restaurant base in new and existing markets, leveraging their partnerships in non-traditional and retail channels and offering inventive menu items. CPK is pursuing a disciplined growth strategy that, to be successful, depends on the ability and the ability of franchisees and licensees to open new restaurants and to operate these new restaurants on a profitable basis. Successful growth depends on numerous factors including: the hiring, training and retention of qualified working ersonnel, especially managers; competition for restaurant sites; negotiation of favorable lease terms; timely development of new restaurants, including the availability of construction materials and labor; management of construction and development costs of new restaurants; securing required governmental approvals and permits; competition in our markets; and general economic conditions

Nova Scotia :: essays research papers

Nova Scotia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nova Scotia, one of the three Maritime and one of the four Atlantic provinces of Canada, bordered on the north by the Bay of Fundy, the province of New Brunswick, Northumberland Strait, and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and on the east, south, and west by the Atlantic Ocean. Nova Scotia consists primarily of a mainland section, linked to New Brunswick by the Isthmus of Chignecto, and Cape Breton Island, separated from the mainland by the Strait of Canso. On July 1, 1867, Nova Scotia became one of the founding members of the Canadian Confederation. The province's name, which is Latin for New Scotland, was first applied to the region in the 1620s by settlers from Scotland. Physical Geography   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nova Scotia can be divided into four major geographical regions-the Atlantic Uplands, the Nova Scotia Highlands, the Annapolis Lowland, and the Maritime Plain. The Atlantic Uplands, which occupy most of the southern part of the province, are made up of ancient resistant rocks largely overlain by rocky glacial deposits. The Nova Scotia Highlands are composed of three separate areas of uplands. The western section includes North Mountain, a long ridge of traprock along the Bay of Fundy; the central section takes in the Cobequid Mountains, which rise to 367 m (1204 ft) atop Nuttby Mountain; and the eastern section contains the Cape Breton Highlands, with the province's highest point. The Annapolis Lowland, in the west, is a small area with considerable fertile soil. Nova Scotia's fourth region, the Maritime Plain, occupies a small region fronting on Northumberland Strait. The plain is characterized by a low, undulating landscape and substantial areas of fertile soil. History   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The area now known as Nova Scotia was originally inhabited by tribes of Abenaki and Micmac peoples. The Venetian explorer John Cabot, sailing under the English flag, may have reached Cape Breton Island in 1497. Colonial Period   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first settlers of the area were the French, who called it Acadia and founded Port Royal in 1605. Acadia included present-day New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. The English, rivals of the French in Europe and the New World, refused to recognize French claims to Acadia, which they called Nova Scotia (New Scotland) and granted to the Scottish poet and courtier Sir William Alexander in 1621. This act initiated nearly a century of Anglo- French conflict, resolved by the British capture of Port Royal (now Annapolis Royal) in 1710 and the French cession of mainland Acadia to the British by the Peace of Utrecht in 1713. Thus, the bulk of the Roman Catholic French-Acadians came under Protestant British rule.

Columbia River Pulp Company Inc

CORP. received refinanced approval of its long term debt from Toronto – Dominion Bank (AD Bank) amounting to $200 million based on floating rate. The floating interest rate represents the significant risk that needs to be mitigated through hedging products. There were some hedging products that AD Bank offered to CORP., swaps, caps, or collars, or some combination? There were definite trade-offs between these hedging products In terms of flexibility, interest rate protection, and true cost. Andrew Theatre, Chairman of CORP., had to decide on the amounts and maturities of the various transaction hedging offered.Issue Business Kraft Market pulp Is a truly global commodity, which prices changing quickly In response to capacity changes, inventory levels, and purchase levels. While market alp is produced in about 25 countries, historically more than two-thirds of world output has come from five northern countries : the united States, Canada, Sweden, Finland, and Norway. One major c hange in the global pulp market was the mid – sass launch of pulp futures markets . While these markets were not an immediate success, there was enough trading volume to sustain at least market, the Pulped/ Finish Options Exchange.It was hoped that futures markets, widely used to trade futures in commodity products – such as copper, aluminum, sugar, and coffee – would bring more price stability to the pulp market and even out some of the extreme price fluctuations that have plagued the global market pulp Industry. Price levels for market pulp as shown below : In 1978, CORP. had financed the original cost of the mill from a group of united States insurance companies. The insurance companies was in doubt about the quality of their loans. This was because of the cumulative operating losses over the 1982 – 1986 period which totaling $ 39. 1 million.CORP. was unable to meet the repayment schedule on the debt. So, in march 1988, CORP. approached Toronto  œ Dominion Bank (AD Bank) to refinance $200 million of its long term debt. On July 21 , 1988 CORP. received reedit approval from AD Bank Board. CORP. received rationalization financing a $200 million, seven year reducing, revolving term facility and a $25 million operating facility from the syndicate of six international banks. The floating rate borrowing options and bank lending margins were shown below : The use of floating rate debt to finance fixed assets represents significant risks If the interest rates increased.The risk can be offset through interest rate swaps, caps, and collars. In order to partially engage ten Tolling rills rate on ten mans ten Dank syndicate had included a positive covenant in the credit agreement which effectively arced the company to lock in fixed rates of interest on its debt. This covenant stated the following : within 90 days after closing, the borrower will arrange interest rate swaps or similar hedging arrangements so that a total of $100 million of debt has a term of at least three years and an interest rate not to exceed 12%.

Women in Baseball - 1677 Words

Baseball, some would argue, is America’s favorite past time. Many can recall their experiences as they enjoyed the game as a child and then continue to share it with their children. The sport has brought us many great moments such as when Jackie Robinson broke racial barriers as the first African American to play in the major leagues. When one thinks of professional baseball, many times, names of greats such as Hank Aaron, Babe Ruth, and Willie Mays come to mind. What many fans over look about America’s favorite past time is the period when fewer men were available to continue their participation in the sport, as many were drafted to serve in World War II. Not wanting the game to come to an end, the league brought in women hoping the spirit of the game would continue to thrive. Even though these female leagues were formed, the sport was not truly the same as the women athletes were held to different standards and not given the same opportunity as the men who had played the game. In today’s society most people view softball as the female equivalent to baseball but is it really? Due to social norms it is widely accepted as true. Girls who may have started off by playing baseball with their local neighborhood friends usually have become fully adapted and successful in a softball career by high school. Because of social conditioning most parents and children do not realize that it is acceptable for girls to play on boys baseball teams if there is not an all girls baseball teamShow MoreRelatedThe Little League Of The Baseball Cap1599 Words   |  7 PagesFrom a young age, girls and boys are separated in all walks of life; none is truer than in sports, especially baseball. In 1939 Little League Baseball was founded for anyone between the ages of 5 and 18; leading with their motto Courage, Character, and Loyalty. 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